While there is no built-in polar plot method in bokeh, you still should be able to create your own function for this with modest effort.
See this link for the beginning step to create the circular plot region. https://discourse.bokeh.org/t/grid-masking/5633/5.
Beyond that the plot configuration comprises (i) hiding the rectangular gridlines, (ii) adding Annulus glyphs (with equal inner- and outer- radii) and corresponding LabelSets for the constant speed radii, and (iii) adding Line glyphs and corresponding LabelSets for the cardinal and ordinal directions.
Then, convert your polar data to (x,y) points in the source passed to whatever glyph (e.g. circles) you choose to render the data.